Spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows, compressing the spinal cord and nerves. This narrowing can occur anywhere along the spine, but it is most found in the lower back (lumbar) or the neck (cervical). It can result in a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild pain to severe neurological issues. According to the NHS, approximately 1.2 million people in the UK have this condition, with approximately 30% of people over the age of 60 having some degree of spinal stenosis. It also affects more men than women. 

What are the Causes? 

Age-related changes in the spine, such as degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, and ligament thickening, are the most common causes of spinal stenosis. Other causes include spinal injuries, tumours, and genetic disorders that affect spine development. 

What are the Symptoms? 

The symptoms of spinal stenosis can vary depending on the severity and location of the condition. Common symptoms include: 

• Pain or numbness in the back, legs, arms, or shoulders 
• Weakness or loss of coordination in the limbs 
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods of time 
• Tingling or a “pins and needles” sensation in the affected area 
• Loss of bladder or bowel control (in severe cases) 

How is Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed? 

A physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans are used to diagnose spinal stenosis. To assess nerve function, a nerve conduction study or electromyography (EMG) may be performed. 

What are the Treatments options? 

Treatment options for spinal stenosis depend on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the patient. Conservative treatments include: 

• Pain medication, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 
• Physiotherapy to strengthen the muscles supporting the spine and improve flexibility 
• Steroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain 
• Use of assistive devices, such as a cane or walker, to improve mobility 

Surgery may be required in more severe cases to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Laminectomy, spinal fusion, and foraminotomy are common surgical procedures. 

How Can R3 Physiotherapy Help Manage Spinal Stenosis? 

At R3 Physiotherapy, we offer a comprehensive approach to managing spinal stenosis, tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Our treatments include: 

• Assessment of posture, gait, and movement patterns to identify any abnormalities or imbalances 
• Hands-on techniques such as spinal mobilization and manipulation to improve joint mobility and reduce pain 
• Customized exercise programs to improve core stability, strength, and flexibility 
• Education on proper body mechanics and ergonomics to prevent further injury and improve function 

To summarise, spinal stenosis is a common condition that can result in a variety of symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe neurological issues. However, with the right diagnosis and treatment, the condition can be managed and the quality of life improved. If you have symptoms such as back pain, limb weakness, or difficulty standing or walking, it is critical that you seek medical attention and investigate your treatment options. We are here at R3 Physiotherapy to assist you in managing your condition and achieving optimal health and wellness. 

References

Jensen RK, Harhangi BS, Huygen F, Koes B. Lumbar spinal stenosis. BMJ. 2021 Jun 29;373:n1581. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1581. PMID: 34187623.

Comer, C., Ammendolia, C., Battié, M. C., Bussières, A., Fairbank, J., Haig, A., Melloh, M., Redmond, A., Schneider, M. J., Standaert, C. J., Tomkins-Lane, C., Williamson, E., & Wong, A. Y. (2022). Consensus on a standardised treatment pathway algorithm for lumbar spinal stenosis: an international Delphi study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 23, 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-04504-6